Tumor necrosis factor α and lymphotoxin α haplotypes in idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss

Abstract

Objective To investigate the contribution of the −238G/A and −308G/A tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, and +252A/G lymphotoxin (LT) α gene polymorphisms to idiopathic recurrent miscarriage (RM). Design A retrospective case-control study. Setting Outpatient maternity center. Patient(s) Study subjects comprised 372 RM women and 274 age-matched parous control women. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) The TNFα and LTα gene variants and idiopathic RM. Result(s) Higher prevalence of TNFα −238A and LTα +252G alleles and LTα +252G/G genotype and lower frequencies of TNFα −308G/A were seen in RM cases. Three-loci haplotype analysis (TNFα −308GA/TNFα −238GA/LTα +252AG) demonstrated significant association between TNFα-LTα gene variants and RM