Innate immunity: platelets and their interaction with other cellular elements in host defense and disease pathogenesis

Abstract

Platelets are the anucleate cells that impact the immune system by releasing their cellular contents (1). Immunological reactions are responsible for effectively clearing foreign particles from the body. However, immune responses, at times, can lead to adverse pathological manifestations in the host (2). Platelets play a critical role in innate immunity via encasement of microbial intruders by necessitating the coagulation process, preventing them from disseminating further in the host system. Because platelets can interact with other cellular elements and trigger immune responses either directly or indirectly, they are often regarded as one of the first-line defenders against microbial invasion (3). Further, activated platelets express certain proteins on their surface and release granular contents that provide the ability to cross-talk with immune cells contributing to innate immune responses. When platelets are activated, they release microvesicles called platelet microparticles that play a crucial role in enhancing inflammatory responses (4). These microparticles communicate with immune cells and other cellular elements in the host, thereby contributing significantly to immune responses. Understanding the role of platelet microparticles in the pathogenesis of clinical conditions is essential for effective disease management. This Research Topic has addressed the role of platelets and other associated cellular and soluble elements in host defense and surveillance mechanisms. We invited research related to key areas such as the mechanism and sources of platelet activation, the role of platelets and other cellular elements in defense mechanisms, association of activated platelets in infections, role of platelet activation against viral agents, platelet-microvesicles as immune mediators in health and diseases, Platelet interaction with complement mediators and many other relevant topics. In response to these topics, a total of nine articles were submitted by researchers. Keywords: Platelets, Immune system, Microbial invasion