Secure and Reliable Authentication Protocol for Energy Internet-Enabled Vehicle-to-Grid Communication System

Abstract

As an innovative approach to distributing renewable energy, the Energy Internet (EI) utilizes computing and communication technologies to transform traditional electric power and intelligent transportation systems into an environment that supports open innovation. EI enables bidirectional, sustainable energy transmission between electric vehicles and service providers, facilitating seamless energy exchange. However, the underlying public data communication architecture in Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) environments is susceptible to several security attacks, which call for an efficient authentication protocol to provide a secure communication channel between the V2G entities. In this article, we introduce a secure and resource-efficient authentication protocol for the reliable distribution of renewable energy in Vehicle-to-Grid systems. The informal and formal analyses presented in this article demonstrate that the proposed scheme is resilient against several known threats. Moreover, the security of the proposed system is verified using the automated simulation tool AVISPA. The proposed scheme completes an authentication round in just 31.337 ms by exchanging 896 bits and two messages. The proposed protocol reduced computational 55%, communication by 73%, while energy consumption reduced to 55% of the mean value of existing protocols. This reduction of costs, along with its attack resistance and comparable security features, shows that the proposed protocol is reliable and robust for secure V2G communication. Thus, the proposed protocol can be applied in a real-time EI-enabled V2G environment.

Keywords Authentication, AVISPA, Energy internet, Key agreement, Random oracle model