Numerical Simulation of Lithium-ion battery aging mechanisms and charging-discharging cycle

Abstract

Numerical simulation and modelling of lithium-ion batteries are fundamentally crucial for thermal management systems, and are progressively becoming compelling in its rudimentary understanding on electrochemical performances as well as thermal attributes. This research observes the relationship between various cell units and battery cells using a three-dimensional model through coupling of mass, charge, and energy conservation equations, as well as, the phenomenon of charging-discharging cycles that lead lithium-ion batteries towards an aging process limiting its energy storage as well as power output capabilities. This phenomenon of battery aging along with its repercussions on battery degradation must be contemplated for development of battery design and management. This research utilizes Numerical Simulation using COMSOL for simulation of the battery at various design conditions. A constant charging and discharging of the battery must escalate the temperature inside the lithium-ion battery. Discharging temperatures are higher than charging temperatures; however, the temperature difference between the discharging and charging of the battery decreases with increasing C-rate. Lithium-ion batteries are modelled in COMSOL and are varied across C-rates ranging from 0.5C, 1C, 2C or higher. Aging criteria of battery is fulfilled through a series of 1000 cycles, 5000 cycles, and 10000 cycles for broader range of data. Retrieved results include plots of working voltage and discharge time, voltage and battery capacity as well as temperature plots and contours for better visualization. A complete visualization of temperature and capacity points of the battery will allow in-depth understanding of the aging process and its complications along with a potential solution for battery longevity.