Personalized Nutrition Biomarkers and Dietary Strategies for Atherosclerosis Risk Management: A Systematic Review
| dc.contributor.author | Khalid, Nauman | |
| dc.contributor.author | Fayyaz, Khadijah | |
| dc.contributor.author | Bashir, Husnain | |
| dc.contributor.author | ETAL.. | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-01-29T06:09:13Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-01-29T06:09:13Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | |
| dc.description | Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a significant threat to public health worldwide and are the leading cause of mortality. Atherosclerosis leads to the development of various CVDs, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and myocardial infarction. Every year, ap proximately 17.9 million individuals die due to CVDs, accounting for 32% of all fatalities [1]. Of these, up to 80% of deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries [2]. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition involving impaired lipid metabolism, arterial stiffness, foam cell formation, and blood vessel obstruction [3]. The disease is no longer restricted to Western countries but is now a significant contributor to mortality worldwide. Recently, the incidence of atherosclerosis has drastically increased in young individuals, particularly females, belonging to diverse ethnicities [4]. In addition, the risk factors that were previously known to increase the chances of atherosclerosis have also changed over time. For example, recent studies have questioned the cardio-protective effects of high-density lipoproteins (HDL). There is also new evidence that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and low-density lipoproteins are causal hallmarks for the development of atherosclerosis [5] | |
| dc.description.abstract | Background/Objectives: Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to ischemic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as myocardial infarction and stroke, which are leading causes of mortality and morbidity. The management of atherosclerosis through personalized nutrition has gained importance in recent years due to advancements in nutrigenomics, gut microbiome evaluation, and metabolomics. However, no systematic review has comprehensively evaluated the impact of personalized nutrition interventions on atherosclerotic plaque progression and clinical outcomes in humans. Methods: We adopted a systematic approach based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Key databases like PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE via EBSCOhost were searched using predefined terms related to personalized nutrition, atherosclerosis, nutrigenomics, and clinical outcomes. Results: Evidence evaluation using the framework of Boffetta et al. for cumulative evidence on the joint effects of genes and environments strongly suggested significant diet–gene interactions. Polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein A-II (APOA2) gene have been shown to influence body mass index and lipid levels. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can modulate microRNA expression, thereby impacting lipid metabolism. Epigenetic studies showed that dietary components can modify histone acetylation and non-coding RNA activity, which ultimately influence gene expression related to inflammation and lipid metabolism, improving clinical outcomes in atherosclerosis management. Conclusions: Integrating personalized nutrition into clinical practice promises to enhance atherosclerosis outcomes through targeted dietary interventions. Advancements in personalized nutrition offer a promising pathway toward more effective and personalized approaches to cardiovascular health. Keywords: atherosclerosis, biomarkers, metabolome, microbiome, nutrigenomics, personalized nutrition | |
| dc.identifier.citation | Fayyaz, K., Din, M. S. U., Bashir, H., Ahmad, F., Barrow, C. J., & Khalid, N. (2025). Personalized nutrition biomarkers and dietary strategies for atherosclerosis risk management: a systematic review. Nutrients, 17(17), 2804. | |
| dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17172804 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repository.adu.ac.ae/handle/1/8139 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | |
| dc.title | Personalized Nutrition Biomarkers and Dietary Strategies for Atherosclerosis Risk Management: A Systematic Review | |
| dc.type | Other |