Justice and modern slavery in energy sector value chains

Abstract

This article discusses the critical role of global supply chains in modern energy production, particularly in the renewable energy sector. As the demand for clean energy grows, concerns about modern slavery risks in the extraction and processing of materials for renewable technologies are highlighted with a law and policy approach. This article advocates for a comprehensive strategy that integrates environmental safeguards with robust human rights standards. This is an underexplored area of the energy sector, and its broad effect has not been considered in terms of combating modern slavery. The research focuses on one of the most advanced frameworks globally, specifically Australia's Modern Slavery Act 2018. It also adopts a comparative perspective and analyses it with reference to other frameworks, proposing practical strategies based on energy justice theories that have already been incorporated into other policy frameworks. It emphasizes the integration of distributive, procedural, restorative, recognition, and cosmopolitan justice principles in the development of energy value chains needed for the energy transition. If adopted, these principles provide support for modern slavery frameworks to improve their ability to impact citizen livelihoods and corporate behaviour.

Keywords: Energy Justice, Energy Justice Principles, Modern Slavery, Supply Chains, Energy Sector, Australia