The Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Haematological and Biochemical Parameters Among Healthy Adult Males: doi. org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i3. 7

Abstract

Abstract Cigarette smoking is one of the main reasons of death and lung cancers worldwide, as haematological parameters, lipids and calcium are variously affected by it. The aim of the current study is to measure the unfavourable effects of cigarette smoking on haematological and biochemical characteristics in healthy adult males. This case-control study was conducted on 120 healthy selected male smokers and nonsmokers whose ages ranged between 20 and 40 years old. The first group consisted of 60 smokers, while the second consisted of 60 nonsmokers. The participants of both groups did not have any history of chronic illness and had comfort routine screening. Complete blood cell (CBC) count, lipids and calcium were measured. A significant difference in khat chewing among these two groups was with higher frequencies in smokers than nonsmokers (60 vs. 49, P = 0.001). Exercise activity was less common in smokers than nonsmokers (25 vs. 38, P = 0.017). Khat chewing hours were higher in smokers as compared to nonsmokers (6.13 ± 2.02 vs. 4.57 ± 2.22, P<0.001). Work hours showed an insignificant difference between the two groups. Lymphocytes and neutrophils are significantly different between the study groups, P=0.011 vs. P=0.017, respectively. RBCs indices such as MCV and MCH are also significantly different between smokers and nonsmokers. In conclusion, the study revealed that continuous cigarette smoking had severe adverse effects on total cholesterol and calcium levels. Furthermore, some haematological parameters such as WBCs, platelets, lymphocytes, and neutrophils were affected significantly in the adult smoking males.

Keywords: SMOKING, CHOLESTEROL, CALCIUM, NEUTROPHILS, BLOOD platelets, EXERCISE physiology