SARS-CoV-2 detection and inactivation in water and wastewater: review on analytical methods, limitations and future research recommendations

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dc.contributor.authorKallem, Parashuram
dc.contributor.authorHegaba,Hanaa M
dc.contributor.authorAlsafar,Habiba
dc.contributor.authorHasana ,Shadi W.
dc.contributor.authorBanat,Fawzi
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-19T12:19:16Z
dc.date.available2024-02-19T12:19:16Z
dc.date.issued2023-01
dc.descriptionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that has been associated with an international public health crisis. Coronaviruses are a family of RNA viruses that can cause respiratory and other illnesses in humans and animals. There are four main types of coronaviruses: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta. SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) are considered to be different lineages of Betacoronaviruses. SARS-CoV emerged in 2002–2003 and caused a global outbreak of severe respiratory illness known as SARS. MERS-CoV was first identified in 2012 and has been responsible for outbreaks of respiratory illness primarily in the Middle East.
dc.description.abstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been detected in wastewater. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a practical and cost-effective tool for the assessment and controlling of pandemics and probably for examining SARS-CoV-2 presence. Implementation of WBE during the outbreaks is not without limitations. Temperature, suspended solids, pH, and disinfectants affect the stability of viruses in wastewater. Due to these limitations, instruments and techniques have been utilized to detect SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in sewage using various concentration methods and computer-aided analyzes. RT-qPCR, ddRT-PCR, multiplex PCR, RT-LAMP, and electrochemical immunosensors have been employed to detect low levels of viral contamination. Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 is a crucial preventive measure against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To better assess the role of wastewater as a transmission route, detection, and quantification methods need to be refined. In this paper, the latest improvements in quantification, detection, and inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater are explained. Finally, limitations and future research recommendations are thoroughly described. KEYWORDS: WastewaterSARS-CoV-2detection, inactivation epidemiology
dc.identifier.citationKallem, P., Hegab, H. M., Alsafar, H., Hasan, S. W., & Banat, F. (2023). SARS-CoV-2 detection and inactivation in water and wastewater: review on analytical methods, limitations and future research recommendations. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 12(2), 2222850.‏
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2023.2222850
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.adu.ac.ae/handle/1/1160
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherTaylor & Francis
dc.titleSARS-CoV-2 detection and inactivation in water and wastewater: review on analytical methods, limitations and future research recommendations
dc.typeArticle

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