Resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint inhibitors: updated insights

dc.contributor.authorAlsaafeen, Besan H.
dc.contributor.authorAli, Bassam R.
dc.contributor.authorElkord Eyad
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-08T06:46:50Z
dc.date.available2026-01-08T06:46:50Z
dc.date.issued2025-01-15
dc.descriptionCancer is a major global public health burden and a leading cause of death worldwide with a recorded 19.3 million new cases and 10 million deaths each year.
dc.description.abstractThe last decade has witnessed unprecedented succusses with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating cancer. Nevertheless, the proportion of patients who respond favorably to the treatment remained rather modest, partially due to treatment resistance. This has fueled a wave of research into potential mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors which can be classified into primary resistance or acquired resistance after an initial response. In the current review, we summarize what is known so far about the mechanisms of resistance in terms of being tumor-intrinsic or tumor-extrinsic taking into account the multimodal crosstalk between the tumor, immune system compartment and other host-related factors. Keywords: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Resistance, Tumor-Intrinsic, Tumor-Extrinsic
dc.identifier.citationAlsaafeen, B. H., Ali, B. R., & Elkord, E. (2025). Resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint inhibitors: updated insights. Molecular Cancer, 24(1), 20.
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-024-02212-7
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.adu.ac.ae/handle/1/7908
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer Nature
dc.titleResistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint inhibitors: updated insights
dc.typeOther

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